منابع مشابه
Causes and Consequences of Species Extinctions
The five largest mass die-offs in which 50–95% of species were eliminated occurred during the Ordovician [490–443 million years ago (mya)], Devonian (417–354 mya), Permian (299–250 mya), Triassic (251–200 mya), and Cretaceous (146–64 mya) periods. Most recently, human actions espe cially over the past two centuries have precipitated a global extinction crisis or the ‘‘sixth great extinction wa...
متن کاملThe Poggendorff illusion: consider all the angles.
In the Poggendorff display, which consists of parallel lines interrupting a transversal, one of the two transversal segments was replaced by a dot lying along the parallel. The angle between the remaining transversal segment and the parallels was varied in 15 degree increments, as was the orientation of the transversal with respect to the subject. Subjects set the dot to appear collinear with t...
متن کاملTolerance of pollination networks to species extinctions.
Mutually beneficial interactions between flowering plants and animal pollinators represent a critical 'ecosystem service' under threat of anthropogenic extinction. We explored probable patterns of extinction in two large networks of plants and flower visitors by simulating the removal of pollinators and consequent loss of the plants that depend upon them for reproduction. For each network, we r...
متن کاملThe functional consequences of random vs. ordered species extinctions
Kevin Gross* and Bradley J. Cardinale Biomathematics Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California–Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA Present address: Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA *Correspondence: E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Recent work su...
متن کاملStochastic competitive exclusion leads to a cascade of species extinctions.
Community ecology has traditionally relied on the competitive exclusion principle, a piece of common wisdom in conceptual frameworks developed to describe species assemblages. Key concepts in community ecology, such as limiting similarity and niche partitioning, are based on competitive exclusion. However, this classical paradigm in ecology relies on implications derived from simple, determinis...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature
سال: 2011
ISSN: 0028-0836,1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/474284b